Fahimtar Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙa ) ne mai mahimmanci amma yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar abin da ake samu da abin da suke yi.
Admixtures su ne sinadaran da ke cikin kankare waɗanda banda kayan siminti na hydraulic, ruwa, aggregates ko ƙarfafa fiber waɗanda ake amfani da su azaman sinadarai na cakuɗen siminti don gyara abubuwan da suka gauraye, saitin ko ƙayyadaddun kaddarorin da ake sakawa a cikin batch kafin ko lokacin. hadawa.
Abubuwan da ke rage ruwa suna haɓaka robobin siminti (rigar) da ƙaƙƙarfan kaddarorin, yayin da ake amfani da abubuwan sarrafa saiti a cikin siminti ana sanyawa da gamawa cikin wanin yanayin zafi mai kyau.Dukansu, idan aka yi amfani da su yadda ya kamata, suna ba da gudummawa ga kyawawan ayyuka na haɗakarwa.

A cikin masana'antar gine-gine na zamani, a ƙasa akwai abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su na kankare.
●Ruwa rage kankare admixtures
●Superplasticising kankare admixtures
● Saita Retarding kankare admixtures
●Accelerating kankare admixtures
●Addigar siminti mai haɗa iska
●Water Resising kankare admixtures
●Tsarin Turmi, shirye-shiryen amfani
●Fsashen Kankare Admixtures
●Lalata hana kankare admixtures
●Crete admixtures mai kumfa

Ruwa rage kankare admixtures
Abubuwan da ke rage ruwa su ne kayan halitta mai narkewa da ruwa, wanda ke rage yawan ruwan da ake buƙata don cimma nasarar aikin da aka ba shi ba tare da rinjayar abun ciki na iska ko warkar da siminti ba.Suna yin ayyuka uku:
●Ƙara ƙarfi da ƙimar ƙarfin ƙarfi.
● Tattalin Arziki a cikin ƙirar haɗakarwa da rage sawun carbon.
●Ƙara ƙarfin aiki.

Superplasticising kankare admixtures
Babban kewayon ruwa rage admixtures ana kiransa Superplasticising admixtures ne roba, ruwa-soluble Organic sunadarai, yawanci polymers, wanda muhimmanci rage adadin ruwa da ake bukata don cimma wani ba daidaito a cikin roba kankare.
Suna rage abun ciki na ruwa ba tare da rage ƙarfi don manyan buƙatun aiki ba.Suna kuma inganta karko.
Babban kewayon ruwa rage admixtures aiki a cikin irin wannan hanya zuwa 'Al'ada Water Reducing Admixtures, amma sun fi karfi a cikin suminti tarwatsa aikin da za a iya amfani da mafi girma kashi ba tare da maras so illa kamar iska entrainment ko retardation na saiti.

Saita retarding kankare admixtures
Saita retarding admixtures sune sunadarai masu narkewar ruwa waɗanda ke jinkirta saitin siminti.Ba sa yin filastik da muhimmanci kuma suna da ɗan ko rashin tasiri akan buƙatun ruwa ko wasu kaddarorin siminti.
Saita abubuwan haɗaka masu rage ruwa ba kawai jinkirta saitin siminti ba amma kuma yana haɓaka aikin farko ta hanyar yin robobi ko rage buƙatar ruwa.Galibin abubuwan da ake samu na tallace-tallacen da ake samun koma baya na wannan nau'in.
Ana amfani da masu rage yawan ruwa mai rage ruwa da ja da baya ga:
● Jinkirta lokacin saitin kankare
●Hana samuwar gidajen sanyi
●Ƙara ƙarfin aiki na farko
●Inganta aikin riƙewa zuwa kankare Ƙara ƙarfin ƙarshe.
● Samar da tattalin arziƙi a cikin ƙirar ƙira
Ya kamata a lura cewa yayin da ake buƙatar retarder don riƙe slump.Ƙarin haɗaɗɗen retarding baya haifar da ɓata lokaci kuma ana iya buƙatar wasu canje-canje ga haɗuwa.

Accelerating kankare admixtures
Ana iya amfani da haɓaka haɓakar haɓakawa ko dai don haɓaka ƙimar ƙullawa / saitin simintin ko don ƙara ƙimar ƙarfin ƙarfi da ƙarfin farko don ba da damar yin gyare-gyare da sarrafawa a baya.Yawancin masu haɓakawa da farko suna cimma ɗaya maimakon duka waɗannan ayyuka.
Accelerators sun fi tasiri a ƙananan zafin jiki.Set accelerators hanya ce mai mahimmanci don sarrafa lokacin saita irin waɗannan siminti, har ma da waɗanda ke dauke da maye gurbin siminti.
Hakanan ana amfani da na'urori masu hanzari don rage haɗarin lalacewa ta hanyar daskarewa lokacin da ake yin gyare-gyare a cikin yanayin sanyi da kuma ba da damar cire aikin fom a baya amma ya kamata a lura cewa ba su daskare ba.Fuskokin da aka bugi na siminti dole ne a kiyaye su kuma a warke su da kyau.
A yanayin zafi na al'ada, hanya mafi kyawun fasaha ta haɓaka ƙarfin farko shine amfani da babban mai rage ruwa.
Mahimman raguwa (fiye da 15%) a cikin rabon siminti na ruwa zai iya fiye da ƙarfin matsawa sau biyu a cikin shekaru ƙasa da sa'o'i 24.Ana iya amfani da accelerators tare da superplasticisers (<0.35 w/c rabo) inda ake buƙatar ƙarfin ƙarami sosai.Musamman a ƙananan yanayin zafi.Idan an buƙata, ana iya haɗa amfani da na'urori masu sauri tare da manyan masu rage ruwa don ƙara haɓaka ƙarfin farkon haɓaka a cikin ƙananan yanayin zafi da na al'ada.
Sauran aikace-aikacen haɓaka kayan haɗin gwiwa sun haɗa da gyare-gyaren kankare na gaggawa da kuma aikin tsaro na teku don tabbatar da tunƙarar simintin da wuri a yankin magudanar ruwa.

Abubuwan da suka haɗa da iska
Air Entraining admixtures sune sinadarai masu aiki a saman da ke haifar da ƙananan kumfa na iska don samuwa daidai ta hanyar haɗin kankare.Kumfa mafi yawa suna ƙasa da diamita 1 mm tare da babban rabo yana ƙasa da 0.3 mm.
Amfanin shigar iska a cikin siminti sun haɗa da:
●Ƙara juriya ga aikin daskarewa da narke
●Ƙara haɗin kai yana haifar da raguwar zubar jini da haɗuwa da rarrabuwa.
●Ingantacciyar ƙaddamarwa a cikin ƙananan haɗin gwiwar aiki.
●Ba da kwanciyar hankali ga siminti da aka fitar
●Ba da ingantattun haɗin kai da sarrafa kayan turmi na gado.
.
Ruwa jure wa kankare admixtures
Admixtures na juriya na ruwa an fi kira su 'waterproofing' admixtures kuma ana iya kiransa permeability rage' admixtures.Babban aikin su shine rage ko dai saman tsotse cikin siminti da / ko hanyar ruwa ta cikin simintin da aka taurare.Don cimma wannan, yawancin samfuran suna aiki ta ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin hanyoyin masu zuwa:
●Rage girman, lamba da ci gaba da tsarin pore capillary
●Kashe tsarin pore na capillary
● Rufe capillaries tare da kayan hydrophobic don hana ruwa a ciki ta hanyar sha / tsotsawar capillary.
Waɗannan abubuwan haɗin gwiwar 'waterproofing' suna rage sha da ruwa ta hanyar aiki akan tsarin capillary na manna siminti.Ba za su rage yawan shiga ruwa ta hanyar tsagewa ko ta hanyar siminti mara kyau ba wanda sune dalilai biyu na gama gari na zubar ruwa a cikin siminti.
An nuna abubuwan da ke tsayayya da ruwa don rage haɗarin lalata ƙarfe na ƙarfafa ƙarfe a cikin kankare da ke ƙarƙashin yanayin mummuna amma wannan yana ƙarƙashin nau'ikan addmixture masu dacewa ko haɗuwa da nau'ikan da ake amfani da su.
Admixtures na tsayayya da ruwa yana da wasu amfani da suka haɗa da raguwar efflorescence, wanda zai iya zama matsala ta musamman a wasu abubuwan da aka riga aka yi.

An jinkirta, shirye don amfani da turmi
Turmi Shirye-shiryen Amfani da Retarded sun dogara ne akan haɗe-haɗe na robobin robo (waɗanda ake shigar da iska ko filasta) da turmi retarder.An daidaita wannan haɗin don ba da tsayin daka na daidaito, yawanci har tsawon awanni 36.Koyaya, lokacin da aka sanya turmi tsakanin raka'o'in masonry, saitin yana haɓaka kuma turmi yana farawa akai-akai.
Waɗannan kaddarorin suna sauƙaƙe samar da turmi zuwa wuraren gini ta hanyar masu samar da kayan haɗin gwiwa kuma suna ba da fa'idodi na farko masu zuwa:
● Ingantacciyar Tabbatar da ikon sarrafa ma'auni
● Daidaitaccen abun ciki na iska
● Tsayawa (aiki) riƙewa (har zuwa awanni 72.)
●Ƙara yawan aiki
● Yana kawar da buƙatar masu haɗawa da adana kayan aiki a kan shafin
●
Ya kamata a lura da hane-hane kan amfani da turmi na shirye-shiryen da ba za a sha ba da kuma yin amfani da su, dalla-dalla a cikin sakin layi na 4.6 da 4.7.

Fesa kankare admixtures
Ana fesa simintin da aka fesa zuwa wurin yin amfani da shi sannan a tura shi ta hanyar huhu zuwa wurin da sauri.Aikace-aikace akai-akai a tsaye ko sama da sama kuma wannan yana buƙatar ƙulla sauri idan slumping ko asara ta hanyar kankare cirewa daga abin da ke ƙarƙashin nauyin nasa ana son a guji.A cikin aikace-aikacen rami, ana amfani da kankare da aka fesa sau da yawa don samar da tallafi na farko kuma wannan yana buƙatar haɓaka ƙarfi da wuri da kuma taurin kai cikin sauri.
Ana iya amfani da abubuwan haɗaka a cikin sabon simintin don ba da kwanciyar hankali da sarrafa ruwa kafin fesa.Sa'an nan kuma ta ƙara haɓakawa a cikin bututun fesa, ana sarrafa rheology da saitin simintin don tabbatar da ginawa mai gamsarwa akan ma'aunin tare da ƙaramin abin da ba a haɗa shi ba yana haifar da sake dawowa.
Akwai matakai guda biyu:
●Tsarin bushewa inda ake haɗa ruwa da mai haɓakawa a cikin busassun turmi a wurin
● fesa bututun ƙarfe.
●Tsarin rigar inda turmi ko siminti aka haɗa shi tare da stabilizer / retarder kafin
● Yin bututun bututun ruwa inda aka kara abin totur.

Tsarin rigar ya zama hanyar zaɓi a cikin 'yan lokutan nan yayin da yake rage yawan ƙurar ƙura, adadin kayan da aka sake dawowa kuma yana ba da ƙarin sarrafawa da daidaito.

Lalata hana kankare admixtures
Fahimtar Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarfafawa.Wannan na iya hana tsarin lalata na tsawon lokaci lokacin da in ba haka ba da izinin wucewa ya ɓace sakamakon ingress chloride ko carbonation.
Lalata hana admixtures kara da kankare a lokacin samarwa ana kiransa "haɓaka" lalata inhibitors.Hakanan ana samun masu hana lalata ƙaura waɗanda za'a iya shafa su akan siminti mai tauri amma waɗannan ba haɗaka bane.
Mafi yawan sanadin lalatawar ƙarfafawa shine lalatawar ɓarna saboda shigowar ions na chloride ta cikin simintin da aka rufe da kuma yadawa zuwa karfen da aka saka.Ko da yake masu hana lalata na iya ɗaga kofa na lalata ƙarfe, ba madadin samar da siminti mai ɗorewa ba, mai ɗorewa wanda ke iyakance yaduwar chloride.
Carbonation na kankare yana haifar da raguwar alkalinity a kusa da karfe kuma wannan yana haifar da asarar wucewa wanda kuma zai iya haifar da lalatawar ƙarfafa gaba ɗaya.Masu hana lalata na iya taimakawa wajen kiyaye wannan nau'in harin.
Masu hana lalata na iya rage farashin kulawa da kayan aikin siminti masu ƙarfi a cikin rayuwar sabis na yau da kullun na shekaru 30 - 40.Tsarukan da ke cikin haɗari sune waɗanda aka fallasa zuwa yanayin teku ko wasu yanayi inda yuwuwar shigar chloride na simintin.Irin waɗannan gine-ginen sun haɗa da gadoji, ramuka, masana'antu na masana'antu, jetties, wharves, dolphins masu motsi da bangon teku.Ana iya shafar tsarin babbar hanya ta hanyar amfani da gishiri mai ƙanƙara a cikin watannin hunturu, kamar yadda wuraren shakatawa na motoci masu benaye masu yawa inda ruwan gishiri ke digowa daga motoci da ƙafewa a kan tulun ƙasa.

Kumfa kankare admixtures
Fahimtar Kankare Admixtures – Foamed Concrete Admixtures su ne surfactants da aka diluted da ruwa kafin wucewa da bayani ta hanyar kumfa janareta wanda samar da barga pre kumfa, kama da aski cream.Wannan kumfa kafin a haɗe shi zuwa turmi na siminti a cikin adadin da ke samar da adadin da ake buƙata a cikin turmi mai kumfa (wanda aka fi sani da kankare kumfa).
Ladunity cike abubuwa masu cike da kayan maye ne kuma ana ƙara su kai tsaye a cikin yashi mai arziki, ƙananan ciminti ya ƙare don bayar da 15% iska.Wannan ƙananan ƙarancin cika;Hakanan ana kiranta Sarrafa Ƙarfin Ƙarfi (CLSM), yana da kyawawan kaddarorin kwarara kuma yana samun amfani a aikace-aikacen cika maɓalli da sauran ƙananan ƙarancin ƙarfin cika ayyukan cikawa.

Don ƙarin bayani da buƙatun zance, da fatan za a ji daɗi don tuntuɓar ƙungiyar tallace-tallacen mu.